An older adult patient presents with a disorder characterized by a shuffling gait, resting tremors predominantly in the hands, muscular rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). He also reports experiencing difficulty in initiating movements. These symptoms have gradually worsened over the last two years. Based on these symptoms, which neurological condition is most likely present in this patient?
Group of answer choices
- Huntington disease
- Chronic ethanol intoxication
- Parkinson disease
- Wilson disease
The correct answer is: Parkinson disease
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Explanation:
The symptoms described in this patient—shuffling gait, resting tremors (particularly in the hands), muscular rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and difficulty initiating movements—are classic signs of Parkinson disease. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. This leads to the hallmark symptoms seen in this patient.
Resting tremors: Often a key symptom of Parkinson’s, especially in the hands.
Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement, including difficulty initiating movements.
Rigidity: Muscle stiffness, which can lead to a reduced range of motion.
Shuffling gait: Difficulty walking, with small, slow steps and reduced arm swing.
Huntington disease typically presents with chorea (involuntary, rapid movements) and cognitive decline, while Wilson disease involves copper accumulation, leading to movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and liver dysfunction. Chronic ethanol intoxication may also cause neurological symptoms but is less likely to present with the classic motor symptoms seen in Parkinson’s disease.
